Search

Network

Network Types

•
Local Area Network (LAN) - Networks in a small geographic area, such as a home or small business.
•
Wide Area Networks (WANs) - A collection of LANs that provides inter-LAN and Internet connectivity.
•
Internet - A multi-layer global network system that connects hundreds of millions of computers.
•
Wireless Networks - Use electromagnetic waves to carry signals over the network.
•
The Cloud - Data centers or groups of connected servers used to store and analyze data, provide access to online applications, and provide backup services.
•
The Edge - The physical “edge” of a corporate network.
•
Fog Computing - The data from IoT devices can be pre-processed for immediate use in the fog located at the edge of the network.
•
Personal Area Network (PAN) - Connecting your smartphone to your car using Bluetooth is an example of a PAN.

Wireless Technologies

•
WiFi
◦
Wireless connectivity is the biggest growth area.
◦
New protocols created/updated to support diverse IoT devices: ZigBee, Bluetooth, 4G/5G, LoRaWAN
◦
Protocols created for short, medium, and wide ranges
◦
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) is designed to support long range communications for low bit rate devices such as sensors, actuators, and controllers
•
ZibBee
◦
A low-energy, low-power, low-data rate wireless protocol specification used to create personal area networks.
◦
250kbps transfer rate
•
Bluetooth
◦
Wireless protocol used for data communication over short distances (PAN)
◦
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - very popular because of the smarphone industry and new applications in healthcare, fitness, and beacons.
▪
Operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band
▪
Has a very fast connection rate (milliseconds) and a very high data rate (1 Mbps)
▪
The BLE device then goes into “sleep mode” until a connection is restabilshed lengthens the battery life for several years.
◦
Beacons use BLE technology positioned on buildings, in coffee shops, and on light posts to provide location services.
•
4G/5G
◦
Cellular-based data networks designed to take advantage of communications over large geographic areas
◦
High mobility bandwidth (trains and cars) of 4G system is 100 Mbps
◦
Low mobility (pedestrins and stationary users) of 4G systems is 1 Gbps
◦
4G provides support for voice, IP telephony, mobile Internet access, video calling, gaming services, cloud computing, high-definition mobile TV, and mobile 3D TV.
•
LoRaWAN
◦
Wireless technology designed to provide wireless WAN connections to power constricted devices.
◦
Targets key requirements of the Internet of Things such as secure bi-directional communication, mobility and localization services.
◦
Architecture is often an extended star toplogy in which getweays relay messages between end-devices and a central network server is located in the backend.
◦
Data rates range from 0.3kbps to 50 kbps.
◦
Security is built into the LoRaWAN standard, implemented in a multi-layer encryption scheme.
▪
Unique keys are used in the Application, Network, and Device layers.
Made with